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Cato Institute
The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as the ''Charles Koch Foundation'' in 1974 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=25 years at the Cato Institute: The 2001 Annual Report ) 〕 chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries.〔Koch Industries is the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. 〕 In July 1976, the name was changed to the Cato Institute.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Articles of Incorporation Charles Koch Foundation and Restated Articles of Incorporation )〕
Cato was established to have a focus on public advocacy, media exposure and societal influence. According to the ''2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report'' (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), Cato is number 16 in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide" and number 8 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".〔 Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include # 13 (of 85) in Defense and National Security, #5 (of 80) in Domestic Economic Policy, #4 (of 55) in Education Policy, #17 (of 85) in Foreign Policy and International Affairs, #8 (of 30) in Domestic Health Policy, #14 (of 25) in Global Health Policy, #18 (of 80) in International Development, #14 (of 50) in International Economic Policy, #8 (of 50) in Social Policy, #8 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign, #17 (of 60) for Best Think Tank Network, #3 (of 60) for best Use of Social Networks, #9 (of 50) for Best External Relations/Public Engagement Program, #2 (of 40) for Best Use of the Internet, #12 (of 40) for Best Use of Media, #5 (of 30) for Most Innovative Policy Ideas/Proposals, #11 (of 70) for the Most Significant Impact on Public Policy, and #9 (of 60) for Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs.〕 Cato also topped the 2014 list of the budget-adjusted ranking of international development think tanks.
==History==
The institute was founded in December 1974 in Wichita, Kansas as the ''Charles Koch Foundation'' and initially funded by Charles Koch.〔Koch is chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries, the second largest privately held company by revenue in the United States. 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Articles of Incorporation Charles Koch Foundation and Restated Articles of Incorporation )〕 The other members of the first board of directors included co-founder Murray Rothbard, libertarian scholar Earl Ravenal, and businessmen Sam H. Husbands Jr. and David H. Padden.〔 At the suggestion of Rothbard,〔 the institute changed its name in 1976 to Cato Institute after ''Cato's Letters'', a series of British essays penned in the early 18th century by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon.〔The essays, named after Cato the Younger, the defender of republican institutions in Rome, expounded on the political views of philosopher John Locke, that had a strong influence on the American Revolution's intellectual environment. See: 〕
Cato relocated first to San Francisco, California in 1977, then to Washington, D.C. in 1981, settling initially in a historic house on Capitol Hill. The Institute moved to its current location on Massachusetts Avenue in 1993. Cato Institute was named the fifth-ranked think tank in the world for 2009 in a study of think tanks by James G. McGann, PhD of the University of Pennsylvania, based on a criterion of excellence in "producing rigorous and relevant research, publications and programs in one or more substantive areas of research".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program 2009 )〕
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